Ibn al-Qayyim

Umm-Aicha (Ursprungligt meddelande) Skickat: 2004-05-02 23:18
Biographies of the Later Salaf 3 : (601- 800H)
A Brief Biography of Ibn al-Qayyim
Author: Miscellaneous (compiled by Abu Iyaad)
Source: The Path to Guidance (Forthcoming SP release)
Article ID : SRH060001 [817]

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This Salafee Imaam became well-known with the title ‘Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah’ because his father was the principal of the school ‘al-Jawziyyah’ in Damascus. As for his name, it is: Shams ud-Deen, Abu Abdullaah, Muhammad bin Abu Bakr ibn Ayyoob az-Zar’ee (an ascription to Azra’ which is in the south of Syria), then Dimashqee, Hanbalee.

He was born on the 7th of Safar in the year 691H (1292 CE) and was raised in a house of knowledge and excellence and this offered him the chance to take knowledge from the senior scholars of his time, at a time when the various sciences (of knowledge) had flourished. He studied under ash-Shihaab an-Naabilisee, Abu Bakr bin Abd ud-Daayim, al-Qaadee Taqee ud-Deen Sulaimaan, Eesaa al-Mut’im, Faatimah bint Jawhar, Abu Nasr Muhammad bin Imaad ud-Deen ash-Shairaazee, Ibn Maktoom, al-Bahaa’ bin Asaakir, Alaa ud-Deen al-Kindee, Muhammad bin Abu al-Fath Ba’labkee, Ayyoob bin al-Kamaal and al-Qaadee Badr ud-Deen bin Jamaa’ah.

He took the knowledge of the laws of inheritance from Ismaa’eel bin Muhammad and read the Arabic language to Abu Fath al-Ba’labkee and al-Majd at-Toonisee. He studied fiqh with a group of scholars, amongst them Ismaa’eel bin Muhammad al-Harraanee. He took usool (fundamental issues regarding creed etc.) from As-Safee al-Hindee. As for his greatest teacher and his shaikh whom he accompanied for 17 years from the years of his life, and who left the greatest impact upon him, then that is the Imaam, the Mujaddid, Taqee ud-Deen Ibn Taymiyyah. He (Ibn al-Qayyim) took the same methodology as him and traversed his path in waging war against the People of Innovations and Desires and those who deviated from the religion.

As for his own students, then they are many. Amongst them, his son Abdullaah, Ibn Katheer, the author of ‘al-Bidaayah wan-Nihaayah’, and the Imaam and Haafidh, Abdur-Rahmaan bin Rajab al-Baghdaadee, al-Hanbalee, the author of ‘Tabaqaat ul-Hanaabilah’, and also Shams ud-Deen Muhammad bin Abdul-Qaadir an-Naabilisee.

Ibn al-Qayyim lived in a time in which there was strife and internal confusion and chaos, as well as an external threat which was menacing the Islamic state. For this reason, he used to order for the rejection of separation and disunity and holding fast to the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah of His Messenger (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) . Amongst his goals was returning to the fountains of the original (and pure) religion and purifying it from the innovations and desires. So he called for the destruction of the madhhab of taqleed (blind-following) and a return to the madhhab of the Salaf and traversing upon their way and methodology. And because of this we see that he did not restrict himself to the Hanbalee madhhab and often he would take the opinion and view of one of the various madhhabs or perhaps he may have an opinion which conflicts the opinion of all the other madhhabs. Therefore, his madhhab was ijtihaad and the rejection of taqleed. As a result of this he incurred great harm and was imprisoned along with his shaikh, Ibn Taymiyyah, in the same prison, but in isolation from him. He was not released from the prison until after the death of the shaikh.

He took to teaching and giving verdict for a number of years and (all) the people, without exception benefitted from him. The scholars also testified to his knowledge and piety, Ibn Hajr said about him: "He had a courageous heart, was vast in knowledge and was well acquainted with the differences (of opinion) and the madhaahib of the Salaf."

Shaikh ul-Islaam, Muhammad bin Alee ash-Shawkaanee said: "He restricted (himself) to the (most) authentic of evidences, and admired acting upon them. He did not depend upon opinion (rai’), would overcome (others) with the truth and would not be harsh with anyone with respect to it."

Ibn Katheer said: "He was attached to occupying himself with knowledge, day and night. He would pray and recite the Qur’aan much and was of excellent character, show great affection and friendship. He would not be jealous or envious."

Ibn Katheer also said: "I do not know, in this time of ours, anyone in the world who worships greater than him. He used to have a particular manner with respect to the prayer. He would lengthen it a great deal, would extend its bowing and prostrating. Many of his associates would censure him at times but he would never return and leave alone this (action of his), may Allaah have mercy upon him."

And Mullaa Alee al-Qaaree said: "And whoever investigates the book Sharh Manaazil us-Saa’ireen (i.e. Madaarij us-Saalikeen), it will become plain and clear to him that both of them (meaning Ibn al-Qayyim and Ibn Taymiyyah) were amongst the most senior from Ahl us-Sunnah wal-Jamaa’ah and amonsgt the Awliyaah (of Allaah) of this Ummah."

Al-Haafidh as-Suyootee said: "And he became one of the senior scholars in tafseer (exegesis), hadeeth, usool, furoo’ (subsidiary matters) and Arabic language."

He authored and compiled in the field of fiqh , usool, siyar (biography), history and the sciences of hadeeth. Alongside this, he was a linguist, well-acquainted with grammar, and a poet. He had written much poetry.

He passed on to the mercy of His Lord at the latter time of Ishaa, on the night of Thursday, 13th of Rajab in the year 751H (1350 CE) and was buried at the foot of Mount Qaasiyoon by Damascus, leaving behind many written works, amongst the most famous of which are:

Shifaa ul-Aleel
Miftaah Daar us-Sa’aadah
Zaad al-Ma’aad fee Hadyi Khair il-Ibaad
Haadi ul-Arwaah ilaa Bilaad il-Afraah
Ighaathatul-Lahafaan fee Hukm Talaaq al-Ghadbaan
Al-Jawaab Kaafee liman Sa’ala an Dawaa ish-Shaafee
Madaarij us-Saalikeen fee Manaazil is-Saa’ireen
Tahdheeb Sunan Abee Daawood
As-Sawaa’iq ul-Mursalah alal-Jahmiyyah wal-Mu’attilah
Raf’ Yadain fis-Salaat
Kitaab ul-Kabaa’ir
Hukm Taarik us-Salaat
Al-Kalim ut-Tayyib wal-Amal us-Saalih
Sharh Asmaa il-Husnaa
A’laam al-Muwaqqi’een an Rabbil-Aalameen.
May Allaah have mercy upon this great and notable Imaam, benefit the world by him and elevate his position, rank after rank, in the Hereafter.




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UmmAicha

Umm_Amatillaah Skickat: 2005-10-16 22:32
Bismillaah wal hamdulillaah was salaatu was salaamu 'alaa ashrafeel anbiyaa'e wal mursaleen, wa ba'd!


Ibnul-Qayyim – A Brief Biography<O:P> </O:P>







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"PIVOTAL QUOTE"

"And if there were no virtues of Shaykh Taqiyyud-Deen [Ibn Taymiyyah], except for his famous student Shaykh Shamsud-Deen Ibnul-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah - the author of many works, which both his opponents and supporters benefited from - then this would be a sufficient indication of his [i.e. Ibn Taymiyyah's] great position."

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He is the Imaam, the haafidh (preserver of hadeeth), the Scholar of tafseer (Qur‘aanic exegesis), usool (fundamentals of jurisprudence and law) and Fiqh (jurisprudence), Aboo ’Abdullaah Shamsud-Deen Muhammad Ibn Abee Bakr - better known as Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah (or Ibnul-Qayyim). <O:P></O:P>

HIS BIRTH AND EDUCATION:<O:P> </O:P>

He was born into a noble and knowledgeable family on the seventth of Safar in the year 691H in the village of Zar‘, near Damascus, Syria. From an early age he set about acquiring knowledge of the Islaamic sciences from the Scholars of his time. Describing his desire for knowledge, al-Haafidh Ibn Rajab said in Dhayl Tabaqaatul-Hanaabilah (4/449): “He had an intense love for knowledge and for books, publications and writings.” Likewise, Ibn Katheer said in al-Bidaayah wan-Nihaayah (14/235): “He acquired from such books what others could not acquire, and he developed a deep understanding of the books of the Salaf (Pious Predecessors) and of the khalaf (those who came after the Salaf).”<O:P> </O:P>

HIS TEACHERS AND SHAYKHS:<O:P> </O:P>

They include Shihaab an-Naablusee and Qaadee Taqiyyud-Deen Ibn Sulaymaan, from whom he studied hadeeth; Shaykh Safiyyud-Deen al-Hindee and Shaykh Ismaa’eel Ibn Muhammad al-Harraanee, from whom he studied fiqh and usool; and also his father; from whom he learnt faraa‘id (laws of inheritance). However, the most notable of his shaykhs was Shaykhul-lslaam Ibn Taymiyyah, whom he accompanied and studied under for sixteen years. Al-Haafidh Ibn Katheer said in al-Bidaayah wan-Nihaayah (14/234): “He attained great proficiency in many branches of knowledge; particularly knowledge of tafseer, hadeeth, and usool. When Shaykh Taqiyyud-Deen Ibn Taymiyyah returned from Egypt in the year 712H, he stayed with the Shaykh until he died; learning a great deal of knowledge from him, along with the knowledge that he had already occupied himself in attaining. So he became a single Scholar in many branches of knowledge.”<O:P> </O:P>

HIS MANNERS AND WORSHIP:<O:P> </O:P>

Many of his students and contemporaries have borne witness to his excellent character and his manners of worship. Al-Haafidh Ibn Rajab said about him in Dhayl Tabaqaatul- Hanaabilah (4/450): “He - rahimahullaah - was constant in worship and performing tahajjud (the night Prayer), reaching the limits in lengthening his Salaah (Prayer) and devotion. He was constantly in a state of dhikr (remembrance of Allaah) and had an intense love for Allaah. He also had a deep love for turning to Allaah in repentance, humbling himself to Him with a deep sense of humility and helplessness. He would throw himself at the doors of Divine obedience and servitude. Indeed, I have not seen the likes of him with regards to such matters.”

Ibn Katheer - rahimahullaah - said in al-Bidaayah (14/234): “He was constant in humbly entreating and calling upon his Lord. He recited well and had fine manners. He had a great deal of love and did not harbour any envy or malice towards anyone, nor did he seek to harm or find fault with them. I was one of those who most often kept company with him and was one of the most beloved of people to him. I do not know of anyone in the world in this time, who is a greater worshipper than him. His Salaah (Prayer) used to be very lengthy, with prolonged rukoo’ (bowing) and sujood (prostrations). His colleagues would criticise him for this, yet he never retorted back, nor did he abandon this practice. May Allaah bestow His Mercy upon him.”<O:P> </O:P>

HIS STUDENTS AND WORKS:<O:P> </O:P>

Amongst his most prominent students were: Ibn Katheer (d.774H), adh-Dhahabee (d.748H), Ibn Rajab (d.751H) and Ibn ’Abdul-Haadee (d.744H), as well as two of his sons, Ibraaheem and Sharafud-Deen ’Abdullaah. Imaam Ibnul-Qayyim - rahimahullaah - authored over sixty works. His books and writings are characterized by their touching address to the heart and soul, as well as their accuracy, precision, strength of argument and depth of research. His writings include: I’laamul-Muwaqqi’een, Turuqul-Hukmiyyah, Ighaathatul-Lahfaan, Tuhfatul-Mawlood, Ahkaam Ahlul-Dhimmah and al-Faroosiyyah, all in the field of fiqh and usool. In the field of hadeeth and seerah (biography) they include: Tahdheeb Sunan Abee Daawood, al-Manaarul-Muneef and Zaadul-Ma’aad. In the field of ’aqeedah (beliefs): Ijtimaa’: al-Juyyooshul-lslaamiyyah, as-Sawaa’iqul-Mursalah, Shifaa‘ul-’Aleel, Hadyal-Arwaah, al-Kaafiyatush-Shaafiyah and Kitaabur-Rooh. In the field of akhlaaq (morals) and tazkiyah (purification): Madaarijus-Saalikeen (a commentary on Manaazilus-Saa‘ireen), ad-Daa‘ wad-Dawaa‘: al-Jawaabul-Kaafee, al-Waabilus-Sayyib, al-Fawaa‘id, Risaalatut-Tabookiyyah, and ’Uddatus-Saabireen. Other books include: at-Tibyaan fee Aqsaamil-Qur‘aan, Badaa‘i’ul-Fawaa‘id, Jalaa‘ul-Afhaam and Miftaah Daarus-Sa’aadah.<O:P> </O:P>

STATEMENTS OF THE SCHOLARS ABOUT HIM:<O:P> </O:P>

Testaments about his comprehensive knowledge and firm adherence to the way of the Salaf (Pious Predecessors) have been given by a number of Scholars; from them are:<O:P> </O:P>

[1]: Al-Haafidh Ibn Rajab, who said in Dhayl Tabaqaatul-Hanaabilah (4/448): “He had deep knowledge concerning tafseer and usoolud-deen (fundamentals of the Religion), reaching the highest degree concerning them both. Similar was the case in the field of hadeeth, with regards to understanding its meanings, subtleties and deducing rulings from them. Likewise was the case in the field of fiqh and its usool (principles), as well as the Arabic language. He did a great service to these sciences. He was also knowledgeable about kalaam (innovated speech and rhetorics), as well as the subtleties and details that occur in the speech of the people of tasawwuf (sufism).”<O:P> </O:P>

[2]: Al-Haafidh Ibn Hajar, who said about him in ad-Durarul-Kaaminah (4/21): “He possessed a courageous spirit as well as vast and comprehensive knowledge. He had deep knowledge concerning the differences of opinions of the Scholars and about the ways of the Salaf.” Ibn Hajar - rahimahullaah - also said, in his commendation to ar-Raddul-Waafir (p. 68): “And if there were no virtues of Shaykh Taqiyyud-Deen (Ibn Taymiyyah), except for his famous student Shaykh Shamsud-Deen Ibnul-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah - the author of many works, which both his opponents and supporters benefited from - then this would be a sufficient indication of his (i.e. Ibn Taymiyyah’s) great position.”<O:P> </O:P>

[3]: Ibn Naasir ad-Dimishqee said about him in ar-Raddul-Waafir (p. 68): “He possessed knowledge of the (Islaamic) sciences, especially knowledge of tafseer and usool. He also said: Aboo Bakr Muhammad Ibnul-Muhib said, as found in his letter: I said in front of our Shaykh al-Mizzee: Is Ibnul-Qayyim at the same level as Ibn Khuzaymah: So he replied: He is in this time, what Ibn Khuzaymah was in his time.”<O:P> </O:P>

[4]: As-Suyootee said in Baghiyyatul-Wi’aat (1/62): “His books had no equal and he strove and traversed the path of the great Imaams in [the field of] tafseer, hadeeth, usool (fundamentals), furoo’ (branches) and the Arabic language.”<O:P> </O:P>

[5]: Mullaa ’Alee al-Qaaree, who said in al-Mirqaat (8/251): “It will be clear to whoever aspires to read the explanation of Manaazilus-Saa‘ireen, that they [i.e. both Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibnul-Qayyim] are from the kibaar (great ones) of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa’ah, and from the awliyaa‘ of this Ummah.”<O:P> </O:P>

HIS DEATH:<O:P> </O:P>

Imaam Ibnul-Qayyim passed away at the age of sixty, on the 13th night of Rajab, 751H. May Allaah shower His Mercy upon him.<O:P> </O:P>

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